Lightning Damage to Landscape Palms

Biology of Palms and Implications for Management in the Landscape

Comprising a natural and distinctive group, palms (Arecaceae) differ from other woody plants in their structure and growth features that require or offer unique and sometimes advantageous landscape management opportunities. Although palms are a mostly tropical group that lacks dormancy and cold tolerance, there are numerous species possessing sufficient cool or cold hardiness to be suitable for...

Electromagnetic Field Due to Lightning Strikes to Mountainous Ground

The produced electric and magnetic fields due to lightning strikes to mountainous ground are determined in this paper. For the sake of simplicity a cone-shaped ground with finite conductivity is assumed to represent a natural nonflat ground. By this assumption, we deal with an axillary symmetrical structure so we use the cylindrical 2D-FDTD to save the simulation memory and time, dramatically. ...

Quantification and identification of lightning damage in tropical forests

Accurate estimates of tree mortality are essential for the development of mechanistic forest dynamics models, and for estimating carbon storage and cycling. However, identifying agents of tree mortality is difficult and imprecise. Although lightning kills thousands of trees each year and is an important agent of mortality in some forests, the frequency and distribution of lightning-caused tree ...

How to Charge Lightning

Off-chain transaction channels represent one of the leading techniques to scale the transaction throughput in cryptocurrencies. However, the economic effect of transaction channels on the system has not been explored much until now. We study the economics of Bitcoin transaction channels, and present a framework for an economic analysis of the lightning network and its effect on transaction fees...

Cloud-to-ground lightning: mechanisms of damage and methods of protection.